Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. It began after a military rebellion by a group of conservative generals led by Francisco Franco against the established Government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of President Manuel Azaña. The rebel coup was supported by the conservative groups including the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas, or CEDA), monarchists known as Carlist groups, and the Fascist Falange (Falange Española de las JONS).[5] Following the only partially successful coup — important cities like Madrid, Barcelona, Oviedo, Bilbao, Badajoz, and Málaga did not join in the rebellion as did Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Valladolid, Cádiz, Cordoba, Seville, and Jerez — Spain was left militarily and politically divided. From that moment onwards General Franco began a protracted war of attrition against the legally established government, as loyalist supporters of the centre-left Republican Government fought the rebel forces for control of the country. There were bloody purges in every piece of territory conquered from the republic in order to consolidate Franco's future regime,[6] and purges done by the communist republicans during the war.[7] The War ended with the victory of the rebels, who called themselves 'Nationalists', the overthrow of the Republican Government, and the exile of thousands of Spanish Republicans, many of whom ended up in refugee camps in Southern France. With the establishment of a conservative dictatorship led by General Francisco Franco in the aftermath of the Civil War, all right-wing parties were fused into the structure of the Franco regime.[5]

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